docker新手入门(2)之容器使用

web篇

docker客户端

docker客户端的命令可以用docker命令来查看

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root@blacsheep-myubuntu:/home/blacsheep# docker

然后可以通过docker command --help来查看具体命令的使用 比如

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root@blacsheep-myubuntu:/home/blacsheep# docker stats --help

Usage:  docker stats [OPTIONS] [CONTAINER...]

Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics

Options:
  -a, --all             Show all containers (default shows just running)
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --no-stream       Disable streaming stats and only pull the first result
      --no-trunc        Do not truncate output
root@blacsheep-myubuntu:/home/blacsheep#

运行一个web应用

尝试使用docker来构建一个web应用

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root@blacsheep-myubuntu:/home/blacsheep# docker pull training/webapp
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from training/webapp
e190868d63f8: Pull complete 
909cd34c6fd7: Pull complete 
0b9bfabab7c1: Pull complete 
a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete 
10bbbc0fc0ff: Pull complete 
fca59b508e9f: Pull complete 
e7ae2541b15b: Pull complete 
9dd97ef58ce9: Pull complete 
a4c1b0cb7af7: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:06e9c1983bd6d5db5fba376ccd63bfa529e8d02f23d5079b8f74a616308fb11d
Status: Downloaded newer image for training/webapp:latest
root@blacsheep-myubuntu:/home/blacsheep# docker run -d -P training/webapp python app.py
b9f2592e87cea8935e568cc401b090c50cfb01c486189aa44c893055ef751dcc

这里的pull是从网上拉镜像,然后后面的run的参数中,-d让容器后台运行,-P让容器内部使用的网络端口映射到我们的主机

查看web应用容器

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root@blacsheep-myubuntu:/home/blacsheep# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                     NAMES
b9f2592e87ce        training/webapp     "python app.py"     7 minutes ago       Up 7 minutes        0.0.0.0:32768->5000/tcp   clever_raman

这里多了一些端口的信息,其实是docker开放的5000端口(flask默认端口)映射到了主机的32768端口,我们浏览器访问一下 blacsheep 当然,端口也可以自己指定

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root@blacsheep-myubuntu:/home/blacsheep# docker run -d -p 5000:5000 training/webapp python app.py
af7264cd0a971c40555a0dcf65dfa31bea74b92c497816e705cb009bdda8dc2d
root@blacsheep-myubuntu:/home/blacsheep# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
af7264cd0a97        training/webapp     "python app.py"     6 seconds ago       Up 5 seconds        0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp   sharp_noyce

这里就是把容器内部的5000端口映射到了我们本地的5000端口

网络端口查看的快捷方式

docker ps当然可以查看端口情况,但其实还有一个命令也可以,docker port也可以查看固定id或名字的容器的端口映射情况 比如

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root@blacsheep-myubuntu:/home/blacsheep# docker port af7264cd0a97
5000/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:5000

这里只是一种快捷方式,作为了解吧

查看web应用的日志

我们使用docker logs [id或名字]可以查看容器内部的标准输出,就像我们本地运行flask就会有*Running on xxxx一样 我们运行一下docker logs -f [id或名字]

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root@blacsheep-myubuntu:/home/blacsheep# docker logs -f af7264cd0a97
 * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
172.17.0.1 - - [27/Jan/2018 07:08:00] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
172.17.0.1 - - [27/Jan/2018 07:08:00] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -

这个就是我们刚刚的记录 这里的-f表示实时显示日志,就像我们再访问一下127.0.0.1:5000日志会自己写上去一样

查看web应用容器的进程

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root@blacsheep-myubuntu:/home/blacsheep# docker top af7264cd0a97
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                3844                3827                0                   15:01               ?                   00:00:00            python app.py

检查web应用程序

使用docker inspect xxx 比如

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root@blacsheep-myubuntu:/home/blacsheep# docker inspect af7264cd0a97
[
    {
        "Id": "af7264cd0a971c40555a0dcf65dfa31bea74b92c497816e705cb009bdda8dc2d",
        "Created": "2018-01-27T07:01:48.216732532Z",
        "Path": "python",
        "Args": [
            "app.py"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 3844,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2018-01-27T07:01:48.855558432Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:6fae60ef344644649a39240b94d73b8ba9c67f898ede85cf8e947a887b3e6557",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/af7264cd0a971c40555a0dcf65dfa31bea74b92c497816e705cb009bdda8dc2d/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/af7264cd0a971c40555a0dcf65dfa31bea74b92c497816e705cb009bdda8dc2d/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/af7264cd0a971c40555a0dcf65dfa31bea74b92c497816e705cb009bdda8dc2d/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/af7264cd0a971c40555a0dcf65dfa31bea74b92c497816e705cb009bdda8dc2d/af7264cd0a971c40555a0dcf65dfa31bea74b92c497816e705cb009bdda8dc2d-json.log",
        "Name": "/sharp_noyce",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {
                "5000/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "",
                        "HostPort": "5000"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "shareable",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DiskQuota": 0,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": 0,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f7d660148c54b02dbdf3984f960d214707d939d7668e5df0c0954dda98273539-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b10716ca735ef9763f741ad0beb59aed4e7c7859bb4fecff04d8df91d84b22d6/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ff54443de624d248e7c25d4418ad0b31f4d00313ff8a6f5a5bd03d3477f666d2/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3dfaea4a76ba9e41e0f7f02859e31b7997ccb4b020e843e626283a405d286d19/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/80098f33e92c084bd0d2145f7ee6a538dd5a8452b84e33418c05e0f47b3ce6b7/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0ca15e9df32499884ac3a1508ee6f854baaa832ba38dd67dda99caf8a354122b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3fc01c213b12be2701b8e5c876742ca08fbf3f28c0729253216f86cd72dcf05d/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8ae1b6be565d46876f4cd1ea83ee22210e88d3331588f5e8c0e368de4a453091/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e6f44ca033c4fe66c3d51ad52cf1cbaff727f6809fa97a13323065056b9fd26c/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f23602b28997b720d79fd26fa4726d75f0bf396b0ccc22b95ae1cdc56a2d3191/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3222e61d544a81a68b93dfbbbe84fb97d180d1df827b90d1352a895b51729f55/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/13cddf08b673042298865b2daac520b9d63806ce045b977af176694cfe703593/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ad5eefb4e45d4b347cac3475e64ffcd63ab7a3aa42fde14115e38c5467c91d9f/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/405f4f83e271e45edb3f0df3476e4eb433d213adeb64ea71e2f4b1a820ec8d43/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f7d660148c54b02dbdf3984f960d214707d939d7668e5df0c0954dda98273539/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f7d660148c54b02dbdf3984f960d214707d939d7668e5df0c0954dda98273539/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f7d660148c54b02dbdf3984f960d214707d939d7668e5df0c0954dda98273539/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "af7264cd0a97",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "5000/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "python",
                "app.py"
            ],
            "Image": "training/webapp",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "/opt/webapp",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {}
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "07146affbe8795cdade88d6ce45407d3aa77d2a3db946390a89a12eddf4f2281",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {
                "5000/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
                        "HostPort": "5000"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/07146affbe87",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "f95361cc2fec09e16108de8c1818e659e5a67a0e7ee1f810f5425f48b3ba2311",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "f4c8148425eecef64502c5c3292494d640bb0670219d160f4bcd9edd7217af4b",
                    "EndpointID": "f95361cc2fec09e16108de8c1818e659e5a67a0e7ee1f810f5425f48b3ba2311",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
root@blacsheep-myubuntu:/home/blacsheep#

这个会返回一个json,json里面是docker容器的配置

对容器的一些操作

docker stop xxx:停止容器 docker start xxx:启动容器 docker restart xxx:重启容器 docker rm xxx:移除容器 ok,对容器的处理就到这里了,边学边尝试吧